Let’s define a bias as a pre-conceived notion that may not have any correlation to reality.让我们确定一个偏见预先设想的概念，可能没有任何相关的现实。 Everyone’s thinking is subject to such biases which have deleterious effect on decision making, problem solving and learning abilities.每个人的思想是受这种偏见产生有害影响的决策，解决问题和学习能力。 Here’sa list of biases to be aware of下面列出的偏见必须意识到

The confirmation bias leads us to try to prove our existing notions and hypothesis. 确认偏见导致我们试图证明我们现有的概念和假说。 Rather than critically looking for evidence that contradicts our pet hypothesis, we try to confirm it, thus ignoring or downplaying evidence to the contrary.而不是批判寻找证据，违背了我们的宠物的假设，我们试图确认它，从而忽视或淡化与此相反的证据。 This is a big problem in science and numerous methods have been designed to deal with the confirmation bias.这是一个大问题在科学和众多的方法已经旨在处理确认偏见。 My favorite example of the confirmation bias is the Ptolemaic solar system model and its assumptions that a) the earth is at the center of the solar system and that b) all planets move in perfect circles around that center.我最喜欢例子，确认偏见是托勒密太阳系模型及其假设一）地球为中心的太阳能系统， b ）所有行星中完美的移动围绕这一中心。 Trying to make these objectively false assumption congruent with astronomical observations let to fantastic contortions .努力使这些错误的假设，客观相一致让天文观测到美妙contortions 。 The Ptolemaic system was accepted for more than 1000 years as unquestionably true.在托勒密系统接受超过1000年无疑是正确的。 Such is the power of the confirmation bias.这是权力的确认偏见。

The hindsight bias在事后的偏见 (I-knew-it-all-along effect) makes past results appear more probable than they objectively are. （一知道，这一切，沿效应）使过去的结果似乎更有可能比他们客观的。 The hindsight bias greatly affects our view of history.在事后的偏见极大地影响着我们的历史观点。

The clustering illusion 聚类幻想 makes us see pattern where there are objectively none.让我们看到的模式有客观首屈一指的。 Our brains have evolved to quickly recognize and take advantage of order (patterns) but we sometimes look for order where there is none.我们的大脑已经发展到很快承认并充分利用秩序（模式） ，但我们有时为了寻找那里没有。 Suppose you tossed a fair coin three times and get three ‘heads’.假设你扔硬币的公平三次获得三个'首长' 。 What’s your chance of getting ‘heads’ on the forth throw?你对此有何机会获得'首长'的提出来？

The recency effect is the tendency to give more weight to recent data points and experiences.该近因效应的倾向，更加重视最近的数据点和经验。 More recent events are better remembered and thus more relied upon when looking for solutions to problems.最近发生的事件更多更好地记得，从而更加依赖时，寻找解决问题的办法。

The anchoring bias influences negotiations in that the first person to state a number will force the other person to state a new number based on the first (the anchor), even if the first number was completely random.该锚偏见影响谈判的第一人，一些国家将迫使其他人一个新的国家数量的基础上的第一（锚） ，即使第一个号码是完全随机的。

The overconfidence effect leads us to overestimate our abilities or the level of confidence we place on our ‘facts’.在过度自信的影响导致我们高估自己的能力或水平的信心，我们对我们的'事实' 。

The fundamental attribution bias leads us over-emphasize dispositional , or personality-based, explanations for behaviors observed in others while under-emphasizing situational explanations . 基本归因偏差导致我们过分强调特质 ，或个性为基础，解释为行为观察他人而根据强调情境的解释。 This can greatly affect the quality of our social interactions.这可以大大影响质量我们的社会相互作用。